Project Management (Alison.com) – Part 3

Part-2

မှာ Project Management Methodology အကြောင်းပြောခဲ့ပါတယ်။ အဲ့ထဲမှာ Project Management ဆောင်ရွက်တဲ့အခါ အရေးကြီးတဲ့ အဆင့် ၄ဆင့် ကို ဖော်ပြပေးပြီး အဓိပ္ပာယ်တွေ ပြောပြပေးခဲ့တာပေါ့။ ဒီနေ့အတွက်တော့ ခေါင်းစဉ်အသစ်မတက်သေးပဲနဲ့ အဲ့အကြောင်းကိုပဲ ပြန်နွေးကြတာပေါ့။ မြန်မာလို ဘာသာတွေပြန်လိုက်တော့ မူရင်း အင်္ဂလိပ်အဓိပ္ပာယ်တွေ မသိလိုက်မှာဆိုးလို့ အင်္ဂလိပ်လို ရေးထားတဲ့ ကွက်လပ်ဖြည့်တွေ၊ အမေးအဖြေတွေနဲ့ ဒီ Introduction to Project Management နဲ့ Project Management Methodology အကြောင်းကို ပြန်နွှေးကြတာပေါ့ဗျာ။

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သင်ခန်းစာ ပြန်လည်ဆွေးနွေးခြင်း

Project Management နှင့်ပတ်သက် သည့် အောက်ဖော်ပြပါ ပြန်လည် ဆွေးနွေးမှုကို မိမိလေ့လာခဲ့သည့် အတိုင်းအတာအတွက် စစ်ဆေးကြည့်ပါ။ ပြန်လည် ဆွေးနွေးခြင်းအတွက် အောက်ဖော်ပြပါ အမေးအဖြေများကိုလည်း လေ့လာကြည့်ပါ။

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1. Introduction to Project Management

Project Management requires the organization of three things: (1)………….…, (2)………….… and (3)………….… . Project managers are concerned with how to get a particular job done. The jobs, or projects, coordinated by project managers have set activities that are required to meet stated (4)………….… . The first documented Project Management techniques were in the early 1900s with the development of the (5)………….… chart method. The principles of Project Management were refined further in the 1950s with the development of the (6)………….… Path Method (CPM) and the Program (7)………….… and (8)………….… Technique (PERT).

Answers:

(1) people, (2) equipment, (3) procedures, (4) objectives, (5) GANTT, (6) Critical, (7) Evaluation, (8) Review

1. The Phases of Project Management

Project management is characterised by four specific stages. These distinct steps are: (1)………….…, Planning and (2)………….…, (3)………….… and, lastly, Monitoring and (4)………….… . During the Investigation phase the initial (5)………….… of the project takes place and goals and (6) ………….… are identified. At the end of this phase a project                    (7) ………….… is given to the project team or project manager. During the Planning and Design phase milestones and key time markers are identified to keep the project on (8) ………….… . It is also important during this phase to break the project into tasks or activities and to define the (9)………….…of each. The Production phase should provide a (10)………….… project, ready to be ‘handed over’ to clients. In the final phase of Project Management, the Evaluation and Monitoring phase, the (11)………….… of the project is assessed. The project is assessed based on (12) ………….… and (13) ………….…factors.

Answers:

(1) Investigation, (2) Design, (3) Production, (4) Evaluation, (5) commissioning, (6) aims, (7) brief, (8) schedule, (9) purpose, (10) completed, (11) success, (12) effectiveness, (13) efficiency

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Questions and Answers

1. What is the role of a Project Manager?

Project Managers concern themselves with how to get a particular job done. They organise people, equipment and procedures in an appropriate way to get a project completed in time and within budget.

2. Why are Project Management Techniques used by organisations?

Project Management Techniques ensure that organisational objectives and system objectives are met in a timely, accurate, relevant and complete way. They provide the adequate control of people, resources and procedures and clearly identify tasks that must be completed and the desired completion time.

3. When were the first Project Management Techniques documented?

The first documented techniques were in the early 1900s with the development of the GANTT chart method.

4. Project management methodology has four distinct phases. What are they?

Phase 1: Investigation, Phase 2: Planning and Design, Phase 3: Production,

Phases 4: Monitoring and Evaluation

5. What does Phase 1, the Investigation phase of Project Management, involve? Who undertakes this phase?

This phase involves the initial commissioning of the project, the identification of initial aims and goals and investigation into the possible way the project can be completed. The Investigation phase is undertaken by top-level management or strategic planners.

6. List four steps in Phase 2, the Planning and Design Phase of Project Management.

Choose from any of the following:

• Defining the exact purpose of the project and clearly defining goals
• Breaking the project into tasks or activities and defining the purpose of each
• Estimating the shortest and longest possible time required for each activity
• Identifying milestones and key time markers in the project that keep the project on schedule
• Determining the sequence of each activity and any constraints affecting the sequence
• Deciding which activities should be completed before others can commence
• Identifying activities that can be done simultaneously
• Assigning resources, people, materials and equipment to activities
• Costing of resources
• Drawing up a calendar of events

7. What does Phase 3, the Production Phase of Project Management involve?

This phases involves: providing resources, completing the set activities, monitoring, controlling and recording the progress of the project on a GANTT chart, comparing current progress to the planned schedule, updating and refining the schedule as required and monitoring resources to ensure there are no problems meeting the budget.

8. In the Evaluation and Monitoring phase of Project Management what questions might a Project Manager address?

The Project Manager might address issues of quality asking questions such as: How well it has the project met the objectives? Is the final quality of the product satisfactory? The Manager might also address issues of cost: Did the project stay within the budget specified? Lastly issues of time would be considered: Did the project finish on or before the specified date? Was it the shortest possible time for the project?

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